His most significant reform as emperor was emancipation of Russia’s serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator. 12 December] 1777 – 1 December [O.S. Alexander, who knew of it, did not dare to disclose the manifesto, and Pavel became emperor. Under the leadership of Mikhail Speransky, Russian legislation was systemized and the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire compiled. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Aleksándr Pávlovich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈpavɫəvʲɪt͡ɕ]; 23 December [O.S. Alexander received an excellent education: when selecting his tutors, the Empress Catherine consulted with the best minds of the time, in particular with the French Enlightenment philosopher Denis Diderot. Alexander I was the namesake for the Alexanderplatz in Berlin, Germany, and of the Alexandertorte. Omissions? Son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia, a brother of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and the senior Grand Duke of the House of Romanov during the reign of his nephew, Emperor Nicholas II. Alexander was buried in the Cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress. Czar Alexander I was born in 1777 to the later Czar Paul I. This taught Alexander very early on how to manipulate those who loved him,[citation needed] and he became like a chameleon, changing his views and personality depending o… Copyright © 2001-2021 ZAO "SAINT-PETERSBURG.COM". Get around in comfort with a chauffeured car or van to suit your budget and requirements. Let our meeting and events experts help you organize a superb event in St. Petersburg. He wanted his reign to be a happy one and dreamed of great and necessary reforms. Alexander I (Russian: Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; 23 December [O.S. Corrections? Alexander II: The Tsar of Russia from March 2, 1855, until his assassination in 1881. Ascending the throne, Alexander's first manifesto promised that he would govern the country according to the principles of his grandmother, Catherine the Great. He was the first Russian King of Poland, reigning from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland. With four friends, who were of noble families but motivated by liberal ideas—Prince Adam Czartoryski, Count Pavel Stroganov, Count Viktor Kochubey, and Nikolay Novosiltsev—he formed the Private Committee (Neglasny Komitet). He was the eldest son of Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.Alexander was the first king of Congress Poland, reigning from 1815 to 1825, as well as … The suddenness and mysteriousness of his death, as well as the memory of those tragic events that brought him to power in 1801, resulted in a persistent folk legend according to which Alexander did not die, but went to live in seclusion as a hermit monk, no longer able to endure the sin of patricide. Early Life. At first Alexander opposed Napoleon until his military lost two major battles, then he became the Emperor's ally, but only on paper. 1. Coat of Arms of Alexander I, Nicholas I and Alexander II of Russia (Orden of the Golden Fleece).svg 604 × 1,024; 4.57 MB Imperial Monogram of Tsar Alexander I of Russia.svg 231 × 340; 1.62 MB Portrait of czar Alexander I of Russia (verso fragment of Two cows, Hippert & Linnig 173) PK-P-130.859.jpg 504 × 630; 164 KB Paul I’s reign was a dark period for Russia. His grandmother, the reigning Empress Catherine II (the Great), took him from his parents and raised him herself to prepare him to succeed her. Alexander I, 1777–1825, czar of Russia (1801–25), son of Paul I (in whose murder he may have taken an indirect part). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (29 May 1799 – 8 July 1800) – rumoured to be the child of Adam Czartoryski 2. Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia Grand Duke of Russia. It prevented modernization of the country, which was at least a century behind the rest of Europe. Alexander ascended to the throne as a result of a brutal palace coup, in which his supporters murdered his father, Paul I. Alexander was aware of the coup, but was convinced that Paul would simply be ousted from the throne, and that his life would be spared. She was determined to disinherit her own son, Pavel, who repelled her by his instability. When Napoleon broke the treaty by invading Russia in 1812, Alexander pursued the French back to Paris. Alexander I of Russia (23 December 1777-1 December 1825) was the Czar of the Russian Empire from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825, succeeding Paul I of Russia and preceding Nicholas I of Russia.Alexander led Russia into the Napoleonic Wars, leading to Russia acquiring Congress Poland.He was a reactionary ruler, suppressing liberal and nationalist movements in Europe as a leader of the … Born: St. Petersburg, 12 (23) December 1777Died: Taganrog, 19 November (1 December) 1825Reigned: 1801-1825. A friend and disciple of the philosophers of the French Enlightenment, Catherine invited Denis Diderot, the encyclopaedist, to become Alexander’s private tutor. Both she and his father tried to use Alexander for their own purposes, and he was torn emotionally between them. As was the case with his father Paul, Alexander was taken from his parents immediately after birth by his grandmother, Catherine the Great, who had him brought up among her Court, away from his mother and father. There, Pavel had created a ridiculous little kingdom where he devoted himself to military exercises and parades. On 9 October 1793, Alexander married Louise of Baden, known as Elisabeth Alexeyevna after her conversion to the Orthodox Church. Author of. He was handsome, strong, pleasant, humane, and full of enthusiasm. Alexander I was born in Saint Petersburg to the royal family of Emperor Paul I, and Maria Fyodorovna (Sophie Dorothea), daughter of the Duke of Württemberg. He took part in the Congress of Vienna (1814–15), drove for the establishment of the Holy Alliance (1815), and took part in the conferences that followed. Plans were drafted for the phased abolition of serfdom, but were not actually implemented, and only the Law on Free Cultivators was published, which allowed the nobles to voluntarily liberate their serfs and grant them land. 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